*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:30px}body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.65 var(--sans)}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px}h1,h2,h3,p{margin:0}h1,h2,h3{font-weight:500;line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.045em}p{color:var(--muted)}.eyebrow,.tags,.art-caption{font:11px/1.6 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em}.eyebrow{color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:22px}.concept-bar{padding:10px 4%;font:11px/1.6 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace;background:var(--ink);color:var(--bg);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px}.shell{max-width:1280px;margin:auto;padding:0 64px}.site-header{padding:35px 0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.wordmark{font-weight:700;font-size:19px;letter-spacing:-.03em}.wordmark span{display:none}nav{display:flex;gap:30px;font-size:13px}.hero{padding:95px 0 100px;position:relative;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.25fr 1fr;align-items:center;gap:40px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(55px,6.7vw,91px);letter-spacing:-.055em;line-height:1.02}.hero h1 em{color:var(--accent);font-weight:400}.lead{font-size:24px;line-height:1.4;color:var(--ink);margin:28px 0 18px}.intro{font-size:16px;max-width:500px}.profile-links{display:flex;gap:20px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:28px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.hero-art{color:var(--accent)}.hero-art svg{display:block;width:100%}.art-caption{display:block;text-align:center;margin-top:15px;color:var(--muted);font-size:9px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;gap:35px;margin-bottom:40px}.section-heading h2{font-size:46px}.section-heading p{font-size:13px}.research{padding:55px 0 80px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.project{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:55px;align-items:center;margin-bottom:55px}.figure{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--line);height:330px;display:block;overflow:hidden;padding:20px}.figure img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;transition:transform .3s}.figure:hover img{transform:scale(1.025)}.project h3{font-size:34px;margin-bottom:20px}.project p{font-size:15px}.project .eyebrow{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:10px}.tags{color:var(--muted);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.04em;margin-top:23px}.text-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:16px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;border-bottom:1px solid var(--accent);padding-bottom:4px}.directions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:80px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:80px 0}.directions h2,.about h2{font-size:44px;margin-bottom:25px}.directions p{font-size:15px}.questions>div{position:relative;padding:0 0 25px 35px;margin-bottom:25px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.questions span{position:absolute;left:0;top:2px;color:var(--accent);font:10px 'IBM Plex Mono',monospace}.questions h3{font:600 18px var(--sans);letter-spacing:-.02em;margin-bottom:10px}.questions p{font-size:13px}.about{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:70px 0;max-width:100%}.about p{max-width:690px;margin-bottom:16px}footer{padding:70px 0 25px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}footer h2{font-size:52px;margin-bottom:22px}footer p{font-size:15px}.contact{display:inline-block;margin-top:25px;font-size:19px;color:var(--accent)}.footer-bottom{margin-top:70px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.skip{position:absolute;left:15px;top:-100px;background:white;color:black;padding:10px;z-index:10}.skip:focus{top:10px}
/* 01: warm editorial, serif headlines and an asymmetrical research journal */
.editorial{--bg:#f6f3ec;--ink:#252d2b;--muted:#5b6761;--accent:#286459;--line:#d5dad1;--sans:'DM Sans',sans-serif}.editorial h1,.editorial h2,.editorial .project h3{font-family:'Newsreader',Georgia,serif}.editorial .hero-art{transform:rotate(-9deg)}.editorial .project:nth-child(2) .figure{order:2}.editorial .project:nth-child(2) .project-copy{order:1}
/* 02: dark studio, technical typography and full-width research features */
.studio{--bg:#111a21;--ink:#e8efef;--muted:#a7b6bd;--accent:#9ee5cf;--line:#35444d;--sans:'Manrope',sans-serif}.studio .concept-bar{background:#9ee5cf;color:#111a21}.studio .hero{grid-template-columns:1.25fr 1fr;padding-top:90px}.studio h1{font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(48px,6vw,82px)}.studio h1 em{font-style:normal}.studio .hero-art{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px 15px 20px}.studio .lead{font-size:22px}.studio .project{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.4fr;background:#19252e;padding:36px;border:1px solid var(--line);gap:45px}.studio .figure{order:2;height:360px;border:0}.studio .project-copy{order:1}.studio .project h3{font-size:31px}.studio .section-heading h2{font-size:40px}.studio .editorial-break{display:none}.studio .directions{gap:65px}.studio .directions h2{font-size:39px}.studio footer{background:#19252e;padding:48px;margin-bottom:40px}.studio .profile-links a{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:7px 11px}.studio .profile-links{gap:8px}.studio .about{padding-bottom:60px}
/* 03: bright contemporary profile, side navigation and project grid */
.profile{--bg:#fff;--ink:#192c49;--muted:#52627a;--accent:#225de3;--line:#dbe3ef;--sans:'DM Sans',sans-serif}.profile .shell{display:grid;grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:55px;max-width:1400px;padding:0 45px}.profile .site-header{position:sticky;top:0;align-self:start;height:100vh;display:block;border:0;border-right:1px solid var(--line);padding:50px 25px 30px 0}.profile .wordmark{font-size:24px;line-height:1.1;display:block}.profile .wordmark span{display:block;font-weight:400;font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:12px;letter-spacing:0}.profile nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:20px;margin-top:65px;font-size:13px}.profile .hero{padding:70px 0;display:block}.profile .hero-art{display:none}.profile h1{font:600 clamp(55px,6.2vw,82px)/1.04 'Manrope',sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.06em}.profile h1 em{font-style:normal}.profile .hero h1 br:nth-child(1){display:none}.profile .lead{font-size:25px}.profile .intro{max-width:650px}.profile .profile-links{margin-top:25px}.profile .profile-links a:first-child{background:var(--accent);color:white;border-radius:6px;padding:9px 18px}.profile .profile-links{align-items:center}.profile .section-heading h2{font-size:34px}.profile .editorial-break{display:none}.profile .section-heading p{display:none}.profile .projects{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px}.profile .project{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:0;align-items:stretch;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;margin:0}.profile .project:first-child{grid-column:1/-1;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;background:#f1f5ff}.profile .figure{height:250px;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px}.profile .project:first-child .figure{height:350px;border:0}.profile .project-copy{padding:25px}.profile .project h3{font-size:25px}.profile .project p{font-size:13px}.profile .tags{font-size:8px}.profile .directions{display:block;padding:55px 0}.profile .directions>div:first-child{max-width:630px}.profile .directions h2{font-size:38px}.profile .questions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:20px;margin-top:35px}.profile .questions>div{padding:30px 0 0;border-bottom:0;border-top:2px solid var(--accent)}.profile .questions span{top:9px}.profile .questions h3{font-size:16px}.profile .about h2{font-size:36px}.profile footer{background:#edf3ff;border:0;border-radius:15px;padding:40px;margin-bottom:35px}.profile footer h2{font-size:40px}
@media(max-width:800px){.shell{padding:0 25px}.site-header{padding:24px 0}nav{gap:15px;font-size:12px}.hero{padding:55px 0;gap:15px}.hero h1{font-size:58px}.lead{font-size:21px}.hero-art{opacity:.8}.project{gap:25px}.project h3{font-size:29px}.directions{gap:30px}.directions h2,.about h2{font-size:36px}.studio .project{padding:25px;gap:25px}.profile .shell{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:0 25px;gap:0}.profile .site-header{position:static;height:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:25px 0}.profile .wordmark{font-size:20px}.profile .wordmark span{display:none}.profile nav{flex-direction:row;margin:0;gap:14px}.profile .hero h1{font-size:65px}}
@media(max-width:580px){.concept-bar{font-size:9px;padding:10px 16px;gap:8px}.shell{padding:0 22px}.site-header{align-items:start;gap:14px;flex-direction:column}.wordmark{font-size:18px}nav{gap:24px;font-size:12px}.hero,.studio .hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:48px 0}.hero h1,.studio h1{font-size:58px}.hero-art{max-width:270px;justify-self:center;margin-top:20px}.studio .hero-art{max-width:300px}.lead{font-size:21px}.intro{font-size:15px}.profile-links{gap:16px}.section-heading{display:block;margin-bottom:28px}.section-heading p{margin-top:18px}.section-heading h2,.studio .section-heading h2{font-size:36px}.project,.studio .project{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:23px;align-items:stretch}.figure{height:290px}.editorial .project:nth-child(2) .figure,.studio .figure{order:0}.editorial .project:nth-child(2) .project-copy,.studio .project-copy{order:1}.studio .project{padding:20px}.studio .figure{height:280px}.project h3{font-size:30px}.research{padding:40px 0}.directions,.studio .directions{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px;padding:45px 0}.directions h2,.studio .directions h2{font-size:36px}.about{padding:45px 0}.about h2{font-size:35px}footer{padding-top:45px}footer h2{font-size:43px}.contact{font-size:16px}.footer-bottom{flex-direction:column;margin-top:45px;gap:8px}.studio footer{padding:28px 22px}.profile .site-header{align-items:start;flex-direction:column}.profile .hero{padding:45px 0}.profile .hero h1{font-size:53px}.profile .hero h1 br:nth-child(1){display:block}.profile .projects{grid-template-columns:1fr}.profile .project:first-child{display:flex;grid-column:auto}.profile .project:first-child .figure{height:290px}.profile .questions{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:5px}.profile footer{padding:28px 22px}.profile footer h2{font-size:35px}.profile .lead{font-size:22px}.desktop-break{display:none}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}

/* Portrait in the introduction; trajectory illustration beside the biography. */
.about{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 260px;align-items:center;gap:60px}
.headshot{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:1;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid var(--line)}
@media(max-width:800px){.about{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 200px;gap:30px}}
.hero-portrait{width:100%;max-width:440px;justify-self:center}
.about-art{width:100%;min-width:0}
@media(max-width:580px){.about{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px}.hero-portrait{max-width:300px;margin-top:20px}.about-art{max-width:260px;justify-self:center}}

/* Reveal and copy contact details without launching an email application. */
.email-details{max-width:520px}
.email-details summary{cursor:pointer}
.email-details summary::before{content:'＋ ';font-size:16px}
.email-details[open] summary::before{content:'− '}
.email-panel{margin-top:18px;text-align:left}
.email-panel label{display:block;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:6px}
.email-controls{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.email-controls input{min-width:0;flex:1 1 260px;padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:4px;background:var(--bg);color:var(--ink);font:16px var(--sans)}
.email-controls button{padding:10px 16px;border:1px solid var(--accent);border-radius:4px;background:var(--accent);color:var(--bg);font:14px var(--sans);cursor:pointer}
.email-details :focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:4px}
.email-panel #copy-status{font-size:12px;margin-top:8px}
[hidden]{display:none!important}

/* Full-width research question above a responsive grid of four ideas. */
.editorial .directions{display:block;padding:60px 0}
.editorial .directions-heading{margin-bottom:32px}
.editorial .directions-heading .eyebrow{margin-bottom:14px}
.editorial .directions-heading h2{margin-bottom:0}
.editorial .directions .questions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px 48px}
.editorial .directions .questions>div{margin:0;padding-bottom:24px}
.editorial .directions .questions p{font-size:15px}
@media(max-width:700px){.editorial .directions{padding:40px 0}.editorial .directions .questions{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:24px}.editorial .directions-heading{margin-bottom:28px}}

/* Proportional research previews without added image padding. */
.editorial .project{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:48px}
.editorial .project-copy{flex:1;min-width:0}
.editorial .figure{flex:none;width:min(42%,calc(380px * var(--figure-ratio)));height:auto;aspect-ratio:var(--figure-ratio);padding:0;border:0;background:transparent;overflow:hidden}
.figure-dynamics{--figure-ratio:0.8813084112} /* 943 / 1070: crop immediately above panel E. */
.figure-optimization{--figure-ratio:0.9654062751} /* 1200 / 1243 */
.figure-interfaces{--figure-ratio:1.0883333333} /* 1959 / 1800 */
.editorial .figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;max-width:none;object-fit:initial;transition:none}
.editorial .figure:hover img{transform:none}
@media(max-width:700px){.editorial .project{flex-direction:column;gap:24px;align-items:stretch}.editorial .figure{width:min(100%,calc(380px * var(--figure-ratio)));align-self:center}.editorial .project:nth-child(2) .figure{order:0}.editorial .project:nth-child(2) .project-copy{order:1}}

/* Tighter spacing around the opening and the end of selected research. */
.editorial .hero{padding:60px 0}
.editorial .research{padding-bottom:48px}
.editorial .project:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
@media(max-width:800px){.editorial .hero{padding:40px 0}}
@media(max-width:580px){.editorial .hero{padding:32px 0}.editorial .research{padding-bottom:36px}}
.editorial .about{border-top:0}